Survival trends in metastatic urothelial cancer before and after introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates

Patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) historically have poor kong-term survival, i.e. less than a 5% chance of 5-year survival. In clinical studies, introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; pembrolizumab or atezolizumab) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs; enfortumab vedotin) has improved the survival. It is unclear how outcomes have changed in clinical practice. A retrospective cohort study using the Flatriron Health database found a 3year survival probability of 19.2% before the introduction of ICIs, increasing to 23.3% after introduction of ICIs and before introduction of ADCs, and increasing to 27.6% after introduction of ADCs.