Retrospective cohort study of risk of second primary malignancies after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma

The risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) after high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) for lymphoma is not well characterized. A population-based, retrospective cohort study in Denmark found that during median 7.76 years of follow-up the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer (aHR 2.94; p<0.0001) and myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia (aHR 41.13; p<0.0001) was significantly higher in patients who underwent HDCT and autoHSCT for lymphoma than in matched control individuals. The risk of solid tumors was not increased after HDCT and autoHSCT for lymphoma.