Retrospective cohort study of real-world outcomes with adjuvant nivolumab for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma

The multinational phase 3 CheckMate 274 trial found that after radical resection for high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC), adjuvant nivolumab compared with placebo was associated with improved disease-free survival. A USA-wide retrospective medical record review of 253 patients receiving adjuvant nivolumab after resection of stage II-IIIB MIUC found that clinical outcomes were broadly consistent with those observed in CheckMate 274, including for patients who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Few adverse events were reported, and the majority of patients were able to complete the standard 12-month scheduled duration of therapy. The authors conclude that these findings support the use of adjuvant nivolumab for MIUC patients, including those who do not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy.