Retrospective cohort study of association between use of GLP-1 receptor agonists with cancer risk in adults with obesity

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have gained popularity for weight management. A retrospective cohort study using a target trial emulation design with electronic health records from OneFlorida+, evaluated the association between use of GLP-1RAs for obesity and risk of developing cancers. Among 43,317 individuals taking GLP1RAs and 43,315 matched nonusers, taking GLP-1RAs was significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall cancer, particularly for endometrial, meningioma, and ovarian cancer, but also with a nonsignificant increased risk of kidney cancer. The authors conclude that these findings highlight the need for long-term follow-up of adults using GLP-1RAs for weight management.