Real-world effectiveness study of HPV vaccination and anal high-grade precancerous lesions and cancer among Danish women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has shown high efficacy against anal HPV infection and lesions in clinical trials. The real-world effectiveness of HPV vaccination against anal high-grade lesions and cancer is yet to be shown. A retrospective study among Danish women found that HPV vaccination before age 17 years (versus no vaccination HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.10-0.87), but not after age 17 years (1.21; 0.73-2.03), was associated with substantially reduced risk of anal HSIL+ in the general population.