Prospective study of long-term incidence of hematological cancer after bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery in people with obesity is associated with a reduced overall cancer risk, but there is a lack of prospective studies of the association of bariatric surgery with risk of hematological cancers. Analysis in the cohort of the prospective Swedish Obese Subjects study compared risk of hematologic cancer in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery versus usual care. Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced incidence of hematological cancer (HR 0.60; p=0.02). Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced death due to hematological cancer (HR. 0.22; p=0.017). A significant difference in treatment effect between men and women was found: bariatric surgery was associated with reduced incidence of hematological cancer in women (HR 0.44; p=0.002) but not in men (HR 1.35; p=0,489; p for interaction 0.031).