Prospective randomized trial of adjuvant selenium and vitamin E for prevention of recurrence and progression on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Previous trials of adjuvant selenium and vitamin E for chemoprevention of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have shown contradictory results. The prospective randomized SELENIB trial, with 270 patients at ten centers in the UK, found that supplementation with selenium was not associated with a decreased risk of NMIBC recurrence, while vitamin E supplementation was associated with significantly increased risk of recurrence. Neither selenium nor vitamin E was associated with progression or overall survival. The authors conclude that these findings suggest that vitamin E supplements may be harmful to patients with NMIBC.