Prospective cohort study of incidence of second primary cancers in lung cancer survivors by oncological treatment

Among patients with lung cancer, treatment with novel oncological agents may influence risk of devloping second primary cancers (SPCs). A Spain-wide prospective cohort study included NSCLC or SCLC patients who achieved tumor remission after treatment. After a median follow-up of 41.2 months, a SPC was diagnosed in 2.3% of the patients. Cumulative incidence of SPCs was higher after chemotherapy than after immunotherapy or targeted therapy. Additional with SPCs associated factors were metastatic disease, history of tobacco use, and current smoking.