Prospective cardiovascular surveillance of ICI-based combination therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma

Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are approved for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC) treatment, and can cause cardiovascular events. Combination therapy could lead to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Analysis of MACEs in the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial (avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for aRCC) found that among patients receiving avelumab plus axitinib high baseline troponin T levels were associated with increased risk of MACEs. This association was not observed in the sunitinib arm of the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decline was not associated with MACEs.