Prospective analysis of the association of dietary inflammatory index with lung cancer risk

The association of dietary inflammatory potential with lung cancer is uncertain. Analysis within the UK Biobank cohort, with external validation in the NHANES dataset, evaluated to relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and lung cancer risk. The analysis included 198,735 UK Biobank participants, During a median follow-up of 11.8 years, 1024 lung cancer cases were identified. Elevated DII scores demonstrated a J-shaped nonlinear positive association with lun cancer risk (Q4 versus Q1 HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.56). Proteomic screening revealed 133 candidate proteins enriched in immune regulation and inflammatory signaling pathways, with IL-6 identified as central hub. Hepatocyte Growth Factor, TNFSF13B, and LGM were characterized as potential drug-targetable mediators. The author conclude that pro-inflammtory dietary patterns are associated with increased lung cancer risk alongside alterations in circiulating protein profiles.