Population-based study of outcomes of therapy-related and de novo myelodysplastic syndromes in Sweden

Among the patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes in Sweden (2009-2017), 16% had therapy-related disease (tMDS). Median overall survival was 15.8 months in the group with tMDS versus 31.1 months in the group with de novo MDS (p<0.001). Previous chemotherapy was associated with worse OS, as was previous hematologic malignancy. Compared with matched controls in the general population, MDS patients had a six-fold increased prevalence of a previous hematological malignancy (OR 6.09; 95% CI 4.87-7.61) and only a 34% increased prevalence of a previous solid tumor (1.34; 1.21-1.49).