Phase 2 study of Y90 radioembolization followed by nivolumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

In preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma synergism has been observed between radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade. The phase 2 CA 209-678 trial in Singapore evaluated yttrium-90 radioembolization followed by nivolumab for advanced HCC in patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis who were not suitable for curative surgery. The objective response rate was 30.6% (95% CI 16.4-48.1) with complete response in one of 36 patients (3%). Treatment-related serious adverse events were seen in 14% of patients.