Multicenter prospective cohort study of late adverse events after CAR T-cell therapy for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Acute adverse events (AEs) after CAR t-cell infusion are well documented, but less information is available regarding the long-term toxic effects. A prospective conhort study, at six centers in Spain, investigated the late safety profile (three months after infusion or later) of commercially available CD19-targeted CAR T-cells among 172 patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma who survived at least three months after infusion without subsequent antilymphoma therapy. Patients were followed for up to two years. Infections and cytopenias were the most common late effects. Five secondary malignant neoplasms were reported, with no cases of T-cell malignant neoplasms. The authors conclude that the study suggests that CAR T-cell therapy has a favorable long-term safety profile; however, continuous follow-up of patients is needed, as serious AEs could occur years after infusion.