Mendelian randomization analysis of causal association of smoking or alcohol consumption with risk of bladder cancer

Smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with bladder cancer risk in observational studies. Researchers of Wuhan University (China) conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis of bladder cancer patients and non-cases from the FinnGen consortium and the UK Biobank to evaluate the causality of these associations. The analysis found a causal association of smoking with bladder cancer risk but no causal association of alcohol consumption with bladder cancer risk.