Increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in successive generations of Mexican American adult in the United States

Analysis among participant of the Multiethnic Cohort Study evaluated the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among first-generation (Mexico-born), second generation (US-born with one or two parents born in Mexico), and third generation (US-born with both parents US-born) Mexican Americans. Among 31,377 participants with average follow-up of 19.5 years, 213 incident HCC cases were observed. After adjusting for lifestyle and neighborhood-level risk factors, second-generation Mexican Americans had a 37% increased risk of HCC (HR 1.37; 95% CI 0.98-1.92) and third-generation Mexican Americans had a 66% increased risk of HCC (1.66; 1.11-2.49) when compared with first-generation Mexican Americans (p for trend = 0.012). The risk increase associated with generational status was mainly observed in males.